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Working parents and women's labor-force participation by state Share of the householder's own children under 6 and aged 6 to 17 whose parents (both, in two-parent families, or the one parent) are all in the labor force, and the share of women 16 and over in the labor force. Percentages are as published in the ACS data profile.
Reference period 2025 Licence Public domain (U.S. federal government work). Chart (3 options): Children under 6 with all parents in labor force Children 6–17 with all parents in labor force Women 16 and over in labor force
Children under 6 with all parents in labor force (Children under 6 with all parents in labor force (%)) Children 6–17 with all parents in labor force (Children 6–17 with all parents in labor force (%)) Women 16 and over in labor force (Women 16 and over in labor force (%))
Working parents and women's labor-force participation by state: Children under 6 with all parents in labor force (%) 51 areas ranked by Children under 6 with all parents in labor force (%). Highest: Massachusetts (79.3); lowest: Utah (58.9); national value 70.3. Massachusetts Massachusetts: 79.3 79.3 Minnesota Minnesota: 77.9 77.9 Rhode Island Rhode Island: 77.3 77.3 Iowa Iowa: 77.1 77.1 Vermont Vermont: 76.5 76.5 Nebraska Nebraska: 76.3 76.3 District of Columbia District of Columbia: 76.2 76.2 Wisconsin Wisconsin: 76.2 76.2 Connecticut Connecticut: 76.0 76.0 New Hampshire New Hampshire: 75.7 75.7 New Jersey New Jersey: 75.5 75.5 North Dakota North Dakota: 75.4 75.4 Delaware Delaware: 75.3 75.3 Maryland Maryland: 73.9 73.9 Maine Maine: 73.2 73.2 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania: 72.7 72.7 South Dakota South Dakota: 72.5 72.5 Virginia Virginia: 72.2 72.2 Illinois Illinois: 72.1 72.1 Florida Florida: 71.6 71.6 Ohio Ohio: 71.4 71.4 Georgia Georgia: 71.0 71.0 Kansas Kansas: 71.0 71.0 New York New York: 70.8 70.8 Mississippi Mississippi: 70.7 70.7 Missouri Missouri: 70.3 70.3 Colorado Colorado: 70.0 70.0 Louisiana Louisiana: 70.0 70.0 Hawaii Hawaii: 69.9 69.9 Michigan Michigan: 69.7 69.7 New Mexico New Mexico: 69.6 69.6 California California: 69.2 69.2 North Carolina North Carolina: 69.1 69.1 Indiana Indiana: 69.0 69.0 Arkansas Arkansas: 68.8 68.8 Oregon Oregon: 68.8 68.8 Alabama Alabama: 68.7 68.7 South Carolina South Carolina: 68.7 68.7 Tennessee Tennessee: 68.6 68.6 Nevada Nevada: 68.4 68.4 Kentucky Kentucky: 68.1 68.1 Wyoming Wyoming: 67.8 67.8 Oklahoma Oklahoma: 67.0 67.0 Texas Texas: 66.8 66.8 Montana Montana: 66.3 66.3 Arizona Arizona: 65.9 65.9 West Virginia West Virginia: 64.5 64.5 Washington Washington: 64.3 64.3 Alaska Alaska: 63.8 63.8 Idaho Idaho: 59.4 59.4 Utah Utah: 58.9 58.9 National 70.3
Working parents and women's labor-force participation by state: Children under 6 with all parents in labor force (%) 51 areas ranked by Children under 6 with all parents in labor force (%). Highest: Massachusetts (79.3); lowest: Utah (58.9); national value 70.3. Massachusetts Massachusetts: 79.3 79.3 Minnesota Minnesota: 77.9 77.9 Rhode Island Rhode Island: 77.3 77.3 Iowa Iowa: 77.1 77.1 Vermont Vermont: 76.5 76.5 Nebraska Nebraska: 76.3 76.3 District of Colum… District of Columbia: 76.2 76.2 Wisconsin Wisconsin: 76.2 76.2 Connecticut Connecticut: 76.0 76.0 New Hampshire New Hampshire: 75.7 75.7 New Jersey New Jersey: 75.5 75.5 North Dakota North Dakota: 75.4 75.4 Delaware Delaware: 75.3 75.3 Maryland Maryland: 73.9 73.9 Maine Maine: 73.2 73.2 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania: 72.7 72.7 South Dakota South Dakota: 72.5 72.5 Virginia Virginia: 72.2 72.2 Illinois Illinois: 72.1 72.1 Florida Florida: 71.6 71.6 Ohio Ohio: 71.4 71.4 Georgia Georgia: 71.0 71.0 Kansas Kansas: 71.0 71.0 New York New York: 70.8 70.8 Mississippi Mississippi: 70.7 70.7 Missouri Missouri: 70.3 70.3 Colorado Colorado: 70.0 70.0 Louisiana Louisiana: 70.0 70.0 Hawaii Hawaii: 69.9 69.9 Michigan Michigan: 69.7 69.7 New Mexico New Mexico: 69.6 69.6 California California: 69.2 69.2 North Carolina North Carolina: 69.1 69.1 Indiana Indiana: 69.0 69.0 Arkansas Arkansas: 68.8 68.8 Oregon Oregon: 68.8 68.8 Alabama Alabama: 68.7 68.7 South Carolina South Carolina: 68.7 68.7 Tennessee Tennessee: 68.6 68.6 Nevada Nevada: 68.4 68.4 Kentucky Kentucky: 68.1 68.1 Wyoming Wyoming: 67.8 67.8 Oklahoma Oklahoma: 67.0 67.0 Texas Texas: 66.8 66.8 Montana Montana: 66.3 66.3 Arizona Arizona: 65.9 65.9 West Virginia West Virginia: 64.5 64.5 Washington Washington: 64.3 64.3 Alaska Alaska: 63.8 63.8 Idaho Idaho: 59.4 59.4 Utah Utah: 58.9 58.9 National 70.3
Children under 6 with all parents in labor force (%), 2025, sorted high to low. 51 areas ranked by Children under 6 with all parents in labor force (%). Highest: Massachusetts (79.3); lowest: Utah (58.9); national value 70.3. Full data in the table below.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey. Working parents and women's labor-force participation by state: Children 6–17 with all parents in labor force (%) 51 areas ranked by Children 6–17 with all parents in labor force (%). Highest: Minnesota (83.1); lowest: West Virginia (66.5); national value 75.3. Minnesota Minnesota: 83.1 83.1 Massachusetts Massachusetts: 82.1 82.1 Wisconsin Wisconsin: 82.1 82.1 Iowa Iowa: 81.5 81.5 Nebraska Nebraska: 81.5 81.5 Vermont Vermont: 80.2 80.2 New Hampshire New Hampshire: 80.1 80.1 Rhode Island Rhode Island: 80.1 80.1 Maryland Maryland: 80.0 80.0 South Dakota South Dakota: 79.7 79.7 Connecticut Connecticut: 79.5 79.5 Maine Maine: 79.0 79.0 North Dakota North Dakota: 78.9 78.9 New Jersey New Jersey: 78.4 78.4 District of Columbia District of Columbia: 78.1 78.1 Kansas Kansas: 78.0 78.0 Virginia Virginia: 77.9 77.9 Illinois Illinois: 77.2 77.2 Ohio Ohio: 77.2 77.2 Florida Florida: 76.8 76.8 Louisiana Louisiana: 76.7 76.7 Indiana Indiana: 76.6 76.6 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania: 76.6 76.6 Hawaii Hawaii: 76.2 76.2 South Carolina South Carolina: 76.0 76.0 Arkansas Arkansas: 75.8 75.8 Missouri Missouri: 75.8 75.8 Delaware Delaware: 75.7 75.7 Georgia Georgia: 75.7 75.7 Colorado Colorado: 75.6 75.6 New York New York: 75.5 75.5 Oregon Oregon: 75.4 75.4 Alabama Alabama: 75.3 75.3 Mississippi Mississippi: 75.0 75.0 Michigan Michigan: 74.5 74.5 North Carolina North Carolina: 74.4 74.4 Wyoming Wyoming: 74.4 74.4 Nevada Nevada: 74.0 74.0 Tennessee Tennessee: 73.1 73.1 New Mexico New Mexico: 72.9 72.9 Oklahoma Oklahoma: 72.5 72.5 Arizona Arizona: 72.4 72.4 California California: 72.2 72.2 Kentucky Kentucky: 71.8 71.8 Texas Texas: 71.8 71.8 Washington Washington: 71.8 71.8 Montana Montana: 71.4 71.4 Alaska Alaska: 70.3 70.3 Utah Utah: 68.4 68.4 Idaho Idaho: 68.3 68.3 West Virginia West Virginia: 66.5 66.5 National 75.3
Working parents and women's labor-force participation by state: Children 6–17 with all parents in labor force (%) 51 areas ranked by Children 6–17 with all parents in labor force (%). Highest: Minnesota (83.1); lowest: West Virginia (66.5); national value 75.3. Minnesota Minnesota: 83.1 83.1 Massachusetts Massachusetts: 82.1 82.1 Wisconsin Wisconsin: 82.1 82.1 Iowa Iowa: 81.5 81.5 Nebraska Nebraska: 81.5 81.5 Vermont Vermont: 80.2 80.2 New Hampshire New Hampshire: 80.1 80.1 Rhode Island Rhode Island: 80.1 80.1 Maryland Maryland: 80.0 80.0 South Dakota South Dakota: 79.7 79.7 Connecticut Connecticut: 79.5 79.5 Maine Maine: 79.0 79.0 North Dakota North Dakota: 78.9 78.9 New Jersey New Jersey: 78.4 78.4 District of Colum… District of Columbia: 78.1 78.1 Kansas Kansas: 78.0 78.0 Virginia Virginia: 77.9 77.9 Illinois Illinois: 77.2 77.2 Ohio Ohio: 77.2 77.2 Florida Florida: 76.8 76.8 Louisiana Louisiana: 76.7 76.7 Indiana Indiana: 76.6 76.6 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania: 76.6 76.6 Hawaii Hawaii: 76.2 76.2 South Carolina South Carolina: 76.0 76.0 Arkansas Arkansas: 75.8 75.8 Missouri Missouri: 75.8 75.8 Delaware Delaware: 75.7 75.7 Georgia Georgia: 75.7 75.7 Colorado Colorado: 75.6 75.6 New York New York: 75.5 75.5 Oregon Oregon: 75.4 75.4 Alabama Alabama: 75.3 75.3 Mississippi Mississippi: 75.0 75.0 Michigan Michigan: 74.5 74.5 North Carolina North Carolina: 74.4 74.4 Wyoming Wyoming: 74.4 74.4 Nevada Nevada: 74.0 74.0 Tennessee Tennessee: 73.1 73.1 New Mexico New Mexico: 72.9 72.9 Oklahoma Oklahoma: 72.5 72.5 Arizona Arizona: 72.4 72.4 California California: 72.2 72.2 Kentucky Kentucky: 71.8 71.8 Texas Texas: 71.8 71.8 Washington Washington: 71.8 71.8 Montana Montana: 71.4 71.4 Alaska Alaska: 70.3 70.3 Utah Utah: 68.4 68.4 Idaho Idaho: 68.3 68.3 West Virginia West Virginia: 66.5 66.5 National 75.3
Children 6–17 with all parents in labor force (%), 2025, sorted high to low. 51 areas ranked by Children 6–17 with all parents in labor force (%). Highest: Minnesota (83.1); lowest: West Virginia (66.5); national value 75.3. Full data in the table below.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey. Working parents and women's labor-force participation by state: Women 16 and over in labor force (%) 51 areas ranked by Women 16 and over in labor force (%). Highest: District of Columbia (68.7); lowest: West Virginia (50.3); national value 59.4. District of Columbia District of Columbia: 68.7 68.7 Minnesota Minnesota: 64.2 64.2 Nebraska Nebraska: 64.2 64.2 Colorado Colorado: 63.9 63.9 North Dakota North Dakota: 63.9 63.9 Maryland Maryland: 63.3 63.3 Massachusetts Massachusetts: 63.2 63.2 South Dakota South Dakota: 63.0 63.0 Utah Utah: 63.0 63.0 New Jersey New Jersey: 62.8 62.8 New Hampshire New Hampshire: 62.3 62.3 Connecticut Connecticut: 62.1 62.1 Iowa Iowa: 61.8 61.8 Kansas Kansas: 61.8 61.8 Vermont Vermont: 61.5 61.5 Virginia Virginia: 61.5 61.5 Alaska Alaska: 61.4 61.4 Wisconsin Wisconsin: 61.2 61.2 Illinois Illinois: 61.0 61.0 Rhode Island Rhode Island: 61.0 61.0 Nevada Nevada: 60.4 60.4 Georgia Georgia: 60.3 60.3 Texas Texas: 60.3 60.3 Washington Washington: 59.8 59.8 Indiana Indiana: 59.7 59.7 Hawaii Hawaii: 59.6 59.6 New York New York: 59.5 59.5 Missouri Missouri: 59.4 59.4 Montana Montana: 59.3 59.3 Ohio Ohio: 59.2 59.2 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania: 58.9 58.9 North Carolina North Carolina: 58.7 58.7 California California: 58.5 58.5 Delaware Delaware: 58.5 58.5 Maine Maine: 58.5 58.5 Oregon Oregon: 58.5 58.5 Tennessee Tennessee: 58.4 58.4 Wyoming Wyoming: 58.0 58.0 Michigan Michigan: 57.6 57.6 South Carolina South Carolina: 56.9 56.9 Oklahoma Oklahoma: 56.7 56.7 Florida Florida: 56.6 56.6 Louisiana Louisiana: 56.6 56.6 Idaho Idaho: 56.3 56.3 Arizona Arizona: 56.1 56.1 Arkansas Arkansas: 55.9 55.9 Kentucky Kentucky: 55.4 55.4 Alabama Alabama: 55.0 55.0 Mississippi Mississippi: 54.7 54.7 New Mexico New Mexico: 54.7 54.7 West Virginia West Virginia: 50.3 50.3 National 59.4
Working parents and women's labor-force participation by state: Women 16 and over in labor force (%) 51 areas ranked by Women 16 and over in labor force (%). Highest: District of Columbia (68.7); lowest: West Virginia (50.3); national value 59.4. District of Colum… District of Columbia: 68.7 68.7 Minnesota Minnesota: 64.2 64.2 Nebraska Nebraska: 64.2 64.2 Colorado Colorado: 63.9 63.9 North Dakota North Dakota: 63.9 63.9 Maryland Maryland: 63.3 63.3 Massachusetts Massachusetts: 63.2 63.2 South Dakota South Dakota: 63.0 63.0 Utah Utah: 63.0 63.0 New Jersey New Jersey: 62.8 62.8 New Hampshire New Hampshire: 62.3 62.3 Connecticut Connecticut: 62.1 62.1 Iowa Iowa: 61.8 61.8 Kansas Kansas: 61.8 61.8 Vermont Vermont: 61.5 61.5 Virginia Virginia: 61.5 61.5 Alaska Alaska: 61.4 61.4 Wisconsin Wisconsin: 61.2 61.2 Illinois Illinois: 61.0 61.0 Rhode Island Rhode Island: 61.0 61.0 Nevada Nevada: 60.4 60.4 Georgia Georgia: 60.3 60.3 Texas Texas: 60.3 60.3 Washington Washington: 59.8 59.8 Indiana Indiana: 59.7 59.7 Hawaii Hawaii: 59.6 59.6 New York New York: 59.5 59.5 Missouri Missouri: 59.4 59.4 Montana Montana: 59.3 59.3 Ohio Ohio: 59.2 59.2 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania: 58.9 58.9 North Carolina North Carolina: 58.7 58.7 California California: 58.5 58.5 Delaware Delaware: 58.5 58.5 Maine Maine: 58.5 58.5 Oregon Oregon: 58.5 58.5 Tennessee Tennessee: 58.4 58.4 Wyoming Wyoming: 58.0 58.0 Michigan Michigan: 57.6 57.6 South Carolina South Carolina: 56.9 56.9 Oklahoma Oklahoma: 56.7 56.7 Florida Florida: 56.6 56.6 Louisiana Louisiana: 56.6 56.6 Idaho Idaho: 56.3 56.3 Arizona Arizona: 56.1 56.1 Arkansas Arkansas: 55.9 55.9 Kentucky Kentucky: 55.4 55.4 Alabama Alabama: 55.0 55.0 Mississippi Mississippi: 54.7 54.7 New Mexico New Mexico: 54.7 54.7 West Virginia West Virginia: 50.3 50.3 National 59.4
Women 16 and over in labor force (%), 2025, sorted high to low. 51 areas ranked by Women 16 and over in labor force (%). Highest: District of Columbia (68.7); lowest: West Virginia (50.3); national value 59.4. Full data in the table below.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey. Click a column header to sort; the national total stays pinned at the top.
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State Children under 6 with all parents in labor force (%) Children 6–17 with all parents in labor force (%) Women 16 and over in labor force (%) United States 70.3 75.3 59.4 Alabama 68.7 75.3 55 Alaska 63.8 70.3 61.4 Arizona 65.9 72.4 56.1 Arkansas 68.8 75.8 55.9 California 69.2 72.2 58.5 Colorado 70 75.6 63.9 Connecticut 76 79.5 62.1 Delaware 75.3 75.7 58.5 District of Columbia 76.2 78.1 68.7 Florida 71.6 76.8 56.6 Georgia 71 75.7 60.3 Hawaii 69.9 76.2 59.6 Idaho 59.4 68.3 56.3 Illinois 72.1 77.2 61 Indiana 69 76.6 59.7 Iowa 77.1 81.5 61.8 Kansas 71 78 61.8 Kentucky 68.1 71.8 55.4 Louisiana 70 76.7 56.6 Maine 73.2 79 58.5 Maryland 73.9 80 63.3 Massachusetts 79.3 82.1 63.2 Michigan 69.7 74.5 57.6 Minnesota 77.9 83.1 64.2 Mississippi 70.7 75 54.7 Missouri 70.3 75.8 59.4 Montana 66.3 71.4 59.3 Nebraska 76.3 81.5 64.2 Nevada 68.4 74 60.4 New Hampshire 75.7 80.1 62.3 New Jersey 75.5 78.4 62.8 New Mexico 69.6 72.9 54.7 New York 70.8 75.5 59.5 North Carolina 69.1 74.4 58.7 North Dakota 75.4 78.9 63.9 Ohio 71.4 77.2 59.2 Oklahoma 67 72.5 56.7 Oregon 68.8 75.4 58.5 Pennsylvania 72.7 76.6 58.9 Rhode Island 77.3 80.1 61 South Carolina 68.7 76 56.9 South Dakota 72.5 79.7 63 Tennessee 68.6 73.1 58.4 Texas 66.8 71.8 60.3 Utah 58.9 68.4 63 Vermont 76.5 80.2 61.5 Virginia 72.2 77.9 61.5 Washington 64.3 71.8 59.8 West Virginia 64.5 66.5 50.3 Wisconsin 76.2 82.1 61.2 Wyoming 67.8 74.4 58
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, Table DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics . Reference period: 2025.
Cite this table Source agency U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey Dataset ACS 1-year estimates, Table DP03 Table Working parents and women's labor-force participation by state Data last updated 2026-11-04 Page https://quadranac.com/tables/us-working-parents/ Working parents and women's labor-force participation by state (United States, 2025). Data: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, ACS 1-year estimates, Table DP03. Retrieved 2026-11-04 via Quadranac, https://quadranac.com/tables/us-working-parents/
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